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As we learn more about dogs we see traits that are similar to humans. Within the dog-loving community a conversation on neurodiversity in canines is recently being held as we ask ourselves: Can dogs have autism?
As we learn more about dogs we see traits that are similar to humans.
You may remember your friend’s dog with that strange sorting obsession of organizing its chew toys by who knows what criteria. Or perhaps you remember your uncle’s overly reactive chihuahua that would burst into a barking fit every time your phone beeped.
What is Autism?
Autism is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by a spectrum of behaviors, such as difficulties engaging in social interactions, problems with communication, and repetitive actions. This condition has been widely researched and studied in humans. It’s believed to be caused by genetics, environmental influences, and social determiners during early childhood developmental stages.
Often, when we come across a dog that is anti-social, uncommunicative or easily triggered into aggression, we may wonder if that dog might be autistic.
Can Dogs Have Autism?
This question boggles many vets, animal behavioral scientists, and concerned pet guardians alike. The answer is simple: Perhaps, but there isn’t enough research to prove it. The link between autism and autism-like behavior in dogs is in the beginning stages of investigation.
Autism research is always evolving, with dogs commonly used as models for many neuropsychiatric conditions. This is because humans and dogs share many neuropsychiatric similarities.
One specific area of research focuses on the role of mirror neurons (the cells that teach our brains to copy gestures and behaviors) in dogs with autism-like behavior. A possible lack or dysfunction of these neurons may be present in dogs that seem autistic.
Some dogs may appear overstimulated by their environment and easily triggered into compulsive behavior, like chasing their tails and licking their lips. Other dogs may have sudden aggressive fits, lack communication skills, avoid eye contact at all costs, and appear to be staring blankly into space.
Canine Dysfunctional Behavior
Since research on autism in dogs is insufficient, veterinarians feel more comfortable with the term Canine Dysfunctional Behavior (CDB). CDB is an umbrella term that includes Canine Dysfunctional Disorder (CDD) and the most concerning Canine Cognitive Dysfunction (CCD).
These conditions explain a variety of behavioral issues, such as antisocial behavior, obsessive-compulsive behavior, and abnormal sensory responses.
Symptoms of Canine Dysfunctional Behavior
Never judge a dog by one or two behaviors alone. It’s important to look at them through a wide lens, bearing in mind the frequency and circumstances of the behavior. Talk to your vet about any suspicious or strange behavior you see in your dog. It’s important to rule out other underlying health conditions.
Here are some common behaviors found in dogs that are believed to link to canine dysfunctional behavior.
Antisocial Behavior
Antisocial behavior in dogs can manifest as excessive barking, going potty where they’re not supposed to, or frequently running away from their tutor during walks. They may get triggered by large crowds or unfamiliar packs of dogs, such as those seen in a dog park.
Obsessive-compulsive actions (Repeated licking)
Dogs who engage in repetitive licking or tail chasing may display obsessive-compulsive behavior. This can be very stressful for them since they can’t find a reason for it and have little means of controlling it. Also, this could be a symptom of Canine Cognitive Dysfunction. Talk to your vet if you notice they’re doing this.
Abnormal Sensory Responses
Dogs who appear hypersensitive to something as simple as a gentle touch may have CDB. They may react by showing fear or aggression and are extremely sensitive to sudden sounds. They may become extremely frightened or locked-up in itself.
Uncommunicative
Some dogs don’t show their emotions. They may not wag their tail when they’re happy or appear to have a neutral personality. This doesn’t mean they don’t feel emotions; it just means they may lack the neurons that produce the recognizable expression of these emotional states. You might also see them staring blankly into space (often called a “trance-like state”).
What to Do if You Think Your Dog Has CDB
The first thing you should do if you think your dog has CDB is to talk to your vet and rule out other underlying conditions. Many health concerns, ranging from orthopedic to gastrointestinal, may explain some of these behaviors. As soon as other health concerns are ruled out, you can consider seeing a dog behavior specialist, like a behavior diplomat, to see how these behaviors can be addressed.
Modifying behaviors can be complex and require a lot of patience and a well-thought-out plan. In some cases, medication can be prescribed with good effects on some behaviors such as aggression. Your trusted vet will provide you with the most up-to-date treatment for CDB.
Don’t forget your dog is doing their best, and with your support there’s no reason for them not to lead a perfectly normal happy-dog life.
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Strategies to Support Your Dog
Having a dog with behavioral issues can be difficult. Your walks with them may be stressful if they’re often aggressive or overly afraid. Having friends over for a dinner party might also feel like a hassle, making you anxious as to how your dog will react.
Don’t feel discouraged about leading a normal life! You are certainly not alone as many dog owners face similar challenges and there are resources to help. By controlling these variables, you may discover that your pet does not have dysfunctional behavior after all, and all it needs is some extra attention.
Here are some very simple measures that will help your dog deal with their emotions and impulses.
Create a Calm Environment
Dogs with CDB may tend to feel insecure. They’ll feel safe in a quiet space away from the spotlight. This could be a crate they feel comfortable in or a doggie bed with their toys and blankets. If you’re having friends over, you can put it in a room your guests will not frequent. This way, your dog can relax on its own.
Keep a Predictable Routine
It’s always good to follow a routine with your dog. This is especially true when it comes to dogs who might be neurodivergent. Let your dog know when food time, walktime and play time arrives. This will calm their anxiety and give them a sense of control.
Exercise and Mental Stimulation
Exercise and mental stimulation can help dogs with autism-like traits place the focus on something outside themselves. You can make them play with puzzle toys or play-and-treat toys that stimulate their senses. Movement is a great way to release stress and anxiety.
Positive Reinforcement
You may sometimes lose patience with your dog, but never forget to be reassuring. Positive reinforcement is a proven behavior training method that awards your pet when they’ve done something right. The reward could be a treat or simple words of reassurance from you. It allows for a bonding opportunity, though they may not express it.
Above All, Love Your Dog
You should never feel disappointed with your dog if they have a behavior you don’t understand or bothers you. Always try to be comprehensive with your pet and understand there are as many expressions of personalities as stars in the sky.
See what there is to learn from the experience of pet parenting a neurodivergent Fido. Perhaps you’ll go on a rewarding journey of self-discovery and acceptance while gaining a new perspective on life.
